编辑语 From the Editors

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gm= see above)

gm=2ID/(Vgs-Vth)

gm=(2IDumCoxW/L)^0.5

small signal output impedance: V_out/i_out = (1+gm*ro)Rs + ro (above figure with Rd=I source, ro is fet M1’s r) [Lec 38] Razavi said that is very important.